![]() It will go on till Jun 11, as per the official Global Running Day organisation website. This year, the Global Running Day organisation is holding a free Virtual NYRR Global Running Day 5K event for the global running community in which people can run or walk for 3.1 miles. Optionally, clear the check boxes next to the items you want to keep. On the following tab, select the Time range drop-down menu and choose All time to clear your history. Global Running Day 2023 Celebrations:Īcross the globe, countries hold marathons, running events and more to celebrate Global Running Day individuals also take up running challenges and post achievements on social media with their friends, and running communities promote the benefits of running. To clear individual search items, go back to the History tab and scroll through your search items, or use the Search history field at the top to find the item you want to clear. ![]() Regular running or jogging offers many health benefits, including building strong bones, strengthening muscles, improving cardiovascular fitness, burning plenty of kilojoules, and maintaining a healthy weight. ![]() Running is a popular form of physical activity, and according to a study published in the Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases journal, running five to ten minutes a day can reduce your chances of death from heart attacks, strokes, and other common diseases. I went back and deleted some early weight entries, then. lost on my starting point (so it only said 1-2 lbs. So, when I started losing again, it was basing how many lbs. Ive been on MFP since 2012, mainly to maintain my weight, but over the past two years gained 7-8. The day aims to encourage people from all walks of life, different cultures, and fitness levels to become more active and get hooked on the wonderful activity of running. Same thing happened to me, but I figured out what happened in my case. The Global Running Day, formerly National Running Day, began in the United States. Global Running Day falls on June 7.(Pexels) (Also Read | Global Running Day 2023: Amazing benefits of running for your heart health) Global Running Day 2023 History and Significance: Meanwhile, runners celebrate their love of running by taking strides towards leading healthier and more active lives and promoting running as an incredible lifestyle choice. Advantages of deleting your search history: No one else will be able to look at where youve searched You can be confident that this will not embarrass. This day plays an important role in reminding the global community about the positives that running can offer to our physical and mental health. Designed for Android, Chrome brings you personalized news articles, quick links to your. It is a worldwide celebration of running that encourages people of all ages and abilities to get moving and lead an active lifestyle. Google Chrome is a fast, easy to use, and secure web browser. The world celebrates Global Running Day on June 7.
0 Comments
![]() When lead singer Dexter Holland quipped, “In Paso they sing like angels and curse like sailors,” the crowd willingly obliged. To receive Leslie Dinaberg’s arts newsletter in your inbox on Fridays, sign up at /newsletters.Īs The Offspring rocked their way through their lively set list of familiar, mostly 90s punk hits like “Come Out and Play (Keep ‘Em Separated),” “Gotta Get Away,” “My Friend’s Got a Girlfriend (Why Don’t You Get a Job),” and “Pretty Fly (for a White Guy)” - that last title unironically adorning the t-shirts of an impressive number of audience members who fit at least part of the bill - they kept the crowd fired up with equally entertaining banter. This edition of ON Culture was originally emailed to subscribers on May 18, 2023. I also liked that Vina Robles Amphitheatre is a zero waste facility, with all of their items being either compostable (food and service ware) or recyclable (drink containers). In addition to the Hotel SLO package, Vina Robles offers this VIP concert option to their wine club members. ![]() For anyone else who has ever gone to a concert and missed their favorite song because of long lines in the ladies room when they had one beer too many and couldn’t wait anymore, you know what a great perk this is. Our VIP spot also gave us entry through the spacious tasting room, access to the lovely private winery patio with comfy chairs and fire pits, special parking, another menu of food and wine pairing options, and best of all, VIP restrooms. We had a great view of the mosh pit, but were safely ensconced in the sponsor boxes, with our own server to bring us beer and wine (the amphitheatre is on the Vina Robles Winery property after all), as well as surprisingly good woodfired pizza and other snacks. It was the perfect perch to watch The Offspring show, amongst a super enthusiastic sold out crowd. ![]() The concert venue is beautiful, nestled in a picturesque hillside, with all 3,300 seats within 150 feet of the stage (the Santa Barbara Bowl has 4,500 seats, to give you some idea of perspective), including general admission lawn seating up top, just above the “VIP Box” seats where we were. Our room was paired with access to a luxury box suite at Vina Robles Amphitheatre, a mere half-hour away from Downtown San Luis Obispo, even in Friday afternoon traffic. There’s also an environmentally friendly bent to Hotel SLO that I approved of, including key card light controls (so you can’t accidentally keep on the lights when you leave the room) cute, glass milk jug style, refillable water bottles with easy filling stations around the hotel and cleverly worded options to “refresh” your room without wastefully laundering your towels and linens unless you need that. There’s definitely a vibe to newer hotels - the boutique Skyview Los Alamos has it too - where each room has a seemingly unique style, and it almost feels like you’re a guest in someone’s home as opposed to a standardized corporate environment. ![]() The “Summer Vibe” package includes a stay in one of Hotel SLO’s hipster chic rooms - ours featured a king-size bed, private balcony, a cozy sitting area, walk-in rain shower, and playful yet sophisticated decor that would have been right at home on the pages of any design magazine. Vina Robles Amphitheatre | Credit: Courtesy of Nederlander Concerts ![]() Camfrog ChatĮnables people to meet and chat with a wide variety of users from different parts of the world using high-quality audio and video. Pixlr-o-matic GraphicsĪpplies artistic effects, edits and captures images through webcam on Windows computer-free of charge. ![]() mIRC ChatĮnables users to communicate through thematic channels with various communication standards, customizable options, and a stable service. Navigating and jumping through stages on Mars while collecting coins and unlocking new characters is the objective of this two-dimensional platform game. Play PlayStation games on your PC with fewer resources than other emulators. Memtest86+ Test and PerformanceĪnalyzes RAM performance and checks for hardware errors with customizable analysis and easy-to-use interface. Uploads files to the cloud for backup and provides encryption, accessibility from anywhere, and an invitation system. Other programs in Windows 8 XMedia Recode UtilitiesĬonverts and customizes video files to multiple formats with extensive encoding and compression capabilities. Repairs corrupt boot sectors and helps boot different operating systems on the same PC. Optimizes computer performance and provides real-time protection while browsing. TransBar SystemĪdjusts the transparency level of your computer's Taskbar in real-time. ![]() Virtual Floppy Drive SystemĬreates virtual floppy drives and enables the creation of bootable disks without a physical drive or technical expertise. DriverMax SystemĮnsures all computer drivers are up to date, detects devices and downloads latest driver versions, creates backups, runs in the background scanning for updates, generates reports and offers device detection. System Explorer SystemĮnhances management options and provides additional features for better control over a Windows computer's system performance. Uninstall and optimize unnecessary processes to free up space on your Windows PC while providing backups and customizable deletion batches. Argente Registry Cleaner SystemĬleans and repairs problems in the Windows Registry to prevent system failures. Bart's PE Builder SystemĬreates a live CD-ROM version of the Windows operating system for recovery purposes. Modifies boot configuration data for Windows Vista users to improve boot process, support dual operating systems and backup boot options. Wifislax SystemĮnabling users to conduct wireless security tests by providing a set of tools, drivers, and functionalities. Updates computer drivers for better performance and stability. Other programs in System Driver Easy System Windows 8 includes the option to handle it by touch. So it can be used on desktops, laptops and tablets. This operating system was developed taking into account the devices in the form of tablet. In August 2012 Microsoft released the latest version of the Windows operating system to date, Windows 8. Users need to keep in mind that they have to purchase a license for each user from the creators' website. However, the lack of a free version is considered one of its flaws.Overall, Synergy has a functional user interface that focuses mainly on functions rather than aesthetics. The screensaver synchronization feature enables all PCs to start and stop together simultaneously. Apart from synchronization features, Synergy allows customizations with configuration options and unifying the Paperboard. Users can install the service on multiple PCs by paying only once. The trial version is available for users to test before purchasing the licensed version. Synergy works on various operating systems like Windows, Linux, and Mac. It uses the TCP/IP protocol, making it easy to connect and use multiple devices simultaneously by one user. Synergy is a paid program that allows managing several computers from one keyboard and mouse without requiring additional hardware or specific complementary installations. File synergy-v1.8.8-stable-Windows-x86.msi is compatible with: ![]() Online Resources Generator Hack Online Apk v1.3.0 Mod (Unlimited Gems and Coins/ Online Resources Generator Hack Online Hacks Hack 100% Legit - Glitch Unlimited - Games Cheats Online Resources Generator Hack Online Mod Apk (Endless Gems and Coins+) Online Resources Generator Hack Online Hacks Gems and Coins Cheats [Online 2018 Online Resources Generator Hack Online MOD APK 1.2. Online Resources Generator Hack Online Hacks Cheats 100% Legit Unlimited Gems and Coins Android iOS | Online Resources Generator Hack Online Online Tool Resources Generator Unlimited Gems and Coins, Unlimited Online Resources Generator Hack Online Hacks Cheats 100% Legit Unlimited Gems and Coins Glitch Online Resources Generator Hack Online Hacks - Online Resources Generator Hack Online Online Resources Generator Hack Online Hacks Cheats 100% Legit Unlimited Gems and Coins Online Resources Generator Hack Online Hacks Cheats 100% Legit Unlimited Telecharger [Unlimited Online Resources Generator Hack Online Hacks Gems and Coins free 898989 Online Resources Generator Hack Online hack,cheats tips and Tricks & Tips Online Resources Generator Hack Online Unlimited Money Gems and Coins Cheats. 100% Safe, my accounts still normal :-) Also we consistently update all our hacks, so that they work on game variations that are updated also. When the auto-complete results are available, use the up and down arrows to review and Enter to select. See more ideas about dungeon boss, boss hacks, dungeon. Our team develops powerful hacks for iOS and Android. See more ideas about dungeon boss, boss hacks, dungeon. Click or tap on the "Proceed" button at the bottom of the page and let's get started. ![]() Let's waste no time and get right into it. There's just a couple of easy to follow steps to complete before free Dungeon Boss gems and gold are yours. The Benefits of Using Dungeon Boss Hack-Tool UPDATED There are several benefits that you can get if you use these online Hack tools. Unlike other hack tools, this hack tool is available for you don't need to download or install it on your Device. I got free all resources of Online Resources Generator Hack Online.ĭungeon Boss Online is an amazing game and with our Gems and Gold hack, it can only get better! Now you're able to generate infinite amounts of resources within just a couple of minutes, and everyone can do it. If you want to save your money and time, you should use online cheats tool for resources instead. Today and it worked very well with my account. You'll be able to find them in a variety of places depending on your region.Dungeon Boss Hack Cheats 2018 Updated Get Unlimited Free Gold and Gems Generator for Android and iOS No Survey No Human Verification NO Password No Download No ROOT No Jailbreak Dungeon boss Hack no survey:Dungeon boss Hack 2018 cheats code tool for unlimited gold is free from the surveys and promotional offers. Enter the world of real game hack using the tool. Players move around the board seeking to defeat monsters and claim treasure. ![]() Enter the desired amount of all the premium resources and it will be added into your game in real time. apk hack for dungeon boss - dungeon boss hacks no survey online hack - dungeon rampage hack boss rew dungeon boss hack game guardianDungeon features a map of a simple six-level dungeon with hallways, rooms and chambers. They are unable to acquire a Dungeon Boss cheat online since they do not have a credit card. It will redirect you to the tool interface. It's typically used by younger, nicer people. The code can purchase games from the Store using a variety of payment options provided by Developer. Simply press the "Generate" button and follow the on-screen instructions to get your Free Dungeon Boss Cheat in 3 to 5 minutes. Players of the Dungeon Boss will receive a secrect code without having to spend a single dollar. You may check easily if you get a free Dungeon Boss cheat that is Approved and already tested. This online crack was designed to be completely simple and available to every user. on a daily basis With only a few simple steps, visitors can get a free Dungeon Boss cheats. Newest Dungeon Hunter 5 Hack Gems and Coins Online Generator Tool provides you with usage of free Gems and Coins anytime. This Dungeon Boss generator works in all areas and has no restrictions. dungeon hunter 5 hack tool no survey - dungeon hunter 5 cheats ipaddungeon hunter 5 hack tool no survey - dungeon hunter 5 cheats ipadDungeon Hunter 5 CHEATDOWNLOAD : tr.im/nz43yThis application gives You unlimited gold, gems energy and double XP. ![]() Dungeon Boss Cheat MOD Generator 2022 iOS Android Unlimited Resources FreeĪpproved Dungeon Boss hacks cheats 2022 for free with no survey Using a working free Dungeon Boss mod generator, how to get a Free Dungeon Boss cheat engine 2022. ![]() Since you obviously didn't keep good records of what you sold and what you paid for. ![]() Unfortunately, I can't give you the "get out of jail free" card you so badly want. Thanks so much for any help." A: A lot of longtime eBay sellers are waking up and finding out they should have been paying taxes on their selling profits. I take medication to deal with the problems of excessive worrying, depression, and anxiety, and this kind of situation could trigger them again, which scares me. The thought of having to go back over the past few years and amend our tax returns because I may have made a profit selling something on eBay or in my local pennysaver paper makes me feel ill from the stress. I do not count on this for my income and never considered it a business. Much of the stuff I list on eBay does not even sell and when I pay eBay's fees I suffer a loss, but some things I have gained on. Some of them I have donated to thrift stores and some I have been selling on eBay. I also became addicted to eBay a few years back, and for about three years got caught up in buying way too many things- mostly dolls, teddy bears, and old toys-mementoes of my childhood. I have made myself stop because I end up buying things I do not need. Not to mention that I have always loved shopping at yard sales and thrift stores, which has caused my home to be very cluttered. My daughter is now twenty-two, and I have saved much of her childhood stuff also. I have things around my home that I have been saving and collecting for many years. Q: "I am confused and sick in the stomach about the issue of selling on eBay and dealing with the IRS.Determining the Cost of Your eBay Inventory for Tax Purposes Q: "If I sell something that was worth $10 about fifty years ago for $200, do I have to pay tax on the full $190 difference? Is there any adjustment for inflation?" A: Regrettably, our tax system in the United States is not indexed for inflation when it comes to calculating capital gain taxes.If your kids use it even some of the time for playing video games, or if your spouse uses it to crunch spreadsheets for his day job, you have to determine the percentage of time the computer is being used for selling on eBay and. Q: "Can I deduct the cost of a laptop computer I use in my home-based eBay selling business?" A: Yes, but only if you use the computer exclusively for selling on eBay.What you have to do is calculate the cost of goods sold (COGS) of the item you sold on eBay. Calculating Your Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) Q: "When I determine how much money I made on eBay, do I simply subtract the eBay and PayPal fees from the winning bid amount?" A: No, I'm afraid it's a little more complicated than that.1 $ 250,000 Plus: Cost of goo*d s manufactured (from schedule of work in process). Schedule of Cost of Goods Sold The determination of cost of goods sold is made via an examination of changes in finished goods: KATRINA'S TRINKETS Schedule of Cost of Goods Sold For the Year Ending December 31, 20X6 Beginning finished goods inventory, Jan. It’s a cool weapon with a cool design, and I really dig its removable clip/battery pack. So, I can really understand Hasbro’s desire to update. The thing is, it’s actually far more sensible for him to be carrying something like this in the somewhat sci-fi driven world than it would be for him to be carrying an actual WW2-era M-2 Browning, which is almost a century old at this point. ![]() This figure replaces that with a more sci-fi-y rail gun-style weapon. Roadblock is the team’s heavy gunner, and he was originally packed with an M-2 Browning. Or, more specifically, the primary accessory. Okay, so, let’s talk about the other area that people weren’t so big on: the accessories. I do really dig the tattoo on his left shoulder that’s a fun little piece of character added to the figure. I’m not super crazy about them myself, but I also don’t find myself all that upset with them either. I know people weren’t big on the golden armor plates. His paintwork is generally pretty solid stuff. The detail work on his uniform is nice and sharp, and it’s cool to continue to see Roadblock portrayed as noticeably larger than the other members of the team. Taken on his own merits, this Roadblock’s sculpt is still rather impressive, and makes for a cool looking figure. Personally, I might have liked to see them throw a tank top under the vest and make the vest a little more easily removed, but I’m sure a more classically-inspired Roadblock is very definitely in the cards moving forward. Now, is it quite as quintessential and appearance? Perhaps not, but it’s still a valid Roadblock look. So, it’s not like that look doesn’t have its own level of prominence. He is, however, a pretty close update of Roadblock’s 1986 V2 design (minus a t-shirt, and plus a couple of armored bits on the legs), which, among other things, is the design that was used in G.I. ![]() He’s certainly not a pitch-perfect recreation of the V1 figure, that’s for sure. When these figures were unveiled, Roadblock’s design was under quite a bit of scrutiny, with people generally feeling it didn’t look enough like the character. For my figure, his legs are a touch loose at the hips, but otherwise, the articulation is solid. ![]() He’s still quite capable of attaining plenty of the necessary Roadblock-appropriate poses, and then some. From a movement, he’s got all the same sorts of joints as what we saw on Snake Eyes, but his mobility is slightly more restricted, both by Roadblock’s slightly larger frame, and also by the presence of a somewhat thick vest piece overlay on the torso. At 6 3/4 inches tall he’s the tallest of the initial set of figures, and he has 37 points of articulation. Roadblock at first glance seems sort of odd as number 1, but Hasbro’s really been pushing him as a main character as of late, so this tracks with that. Joe: Classified Series line-up, the first of the five figures that make up Series 1 of the line. Well, just four short months later I’ve finally gotten my hands on the first series proper, and I’ll be kicking things off with the most rhyme-tastic member of the Joes, Marvin F. That guy was pretty darn awesome and definitely got me excited for the rest of the line. ![]() Joe as a line of 6-inch figures in the same vein as The Black Series and Marvel Legends, with their fancy deluxe Snake Eyes figure that they offered up as a Pulse Exclusive. Joe is there.”īack in April, I took my first look at the Classified Series, Hasbro’s new attempt at relaunching G.I. From hostile jungles to ice-clad arctic peaks…wherever there’s trouble, G.I. Joe are prepared to seek out Cobra in any environment on the planet. With unwavering courage and steely determination, the brave members of G.I. These extraordinarily talented heroes are selected for their elite abilities and tasked with defending the world from Cobra, a ruthless criminal organization bent on total domination. Joe is a highly skilled, on-demand, special operations force of men and women from around the globe. ![]() LiteSpeed will ask you for certain “Personal Information” when you complete registration or product information request forms on the Site, including but not limited to your name, address, telephone number, email address, and credit card information. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH ANY OF THE TERMS BELOW, YOU SHOULD NOT USE THIS SITE OR THE PRODUCTS OR SERVICES OFFERED BY LITESPEED TECHNOLOGIES AT THIS SITE. LiteSpeed encourages you to review this Privacy Policy periodically for any changes. If we make changes to this Privacy Policy, we will update the Effective Date to note the date of such changes. LiteSpeed reserves the right to revise, modify, add, or remove provisions to this Privacy Policy at any time. By using this Site or any products or services provided through the Site, you expressly consent to the use and disclosure of information as described in this Privacy Policy. You can visit most pages of the Site without giving us any information about yourself, but sometimes we do need information to provide services that you request. This policy ("Privacy Policy" or "Policy") explains our practices for our site, ("Site"). (aka “LiteSpeed”) is committed to protecting your privacy. * -, BEFORE upgrading the LiteMage extension. ![]() "Separate Cache Copy for Customized Cookie Values" field, please add the following rewrite rule, Rewrite rules available as of LSWS 5.0.7) More efficiently, instructions on using a provided rewrite rule are now shown instead. Removed configuration option for "Separate Cache Copy for Customized Cookie Values". Shows a warning message on the Cache Management Page in the ![]() Restarts or when layout cache is disabled. Fixed a bug in the warmup cron process when crawling non-default stores.Įnsured that LiteMage can still function when cache storage is not available, such as during memcached.Fixed a bug where private blocks sometimes would not update when a user logged in.Added an admin function to allow purge tags from external programs.Added configuration option to crawl non-default currencies.LiteMage 1.0.11 (10-27-2015) Feature enhancements, Bug fixes ![]() Any future sales will go to help lost cats worldwide & to build the Lost Cats Worldwide Foundation International, a partner company of NOTBADAPPSLLC-INTERNATIONAL Inc / Multinational Conglomerate Company. This game is available for free & at cost. Timed Mode, make as much cash as you can before the feds arrest you on conspiracy charges. Play Career Mode for an unlimited game. Watch the news ticker to keep up with ongoing juug busts and events which lead to price changes. Avoid warrants for theft, weapons possession, evading police, attempted murder, and manslaughter or you will be in for a long prison sentence. Keep an eye out for patrolmen, angry shop owners, and snitches if you are dirty. Touch on passing cars to flag down drivers. Purchase a production facility to become the plug & employ workers to cut or manufacture your juugs. Find the best stashes to keep your juugs safe & travel by bus, car, or bike to explore the awesome fully interactive juugin city! Enter buildings to find new plugs and all types of different juugs! Visit the various stores to buy weapons, abilities, coats, upgrades, and even more plugs for extra juugin. DopeWars for PalmOS is copyright 1999 Matthew Lee. The help dialogs in the game explain how to play the game. This program is freeware, and the source code is available free of charge as. Cook up a fresh batch of juugs in your own expandable juug house! Use juugin soda and white to whip up batches of your own juugs. DopeWars for PalmOS-This is DopeWars, a PalmPilot clone of an old DOS game of the same name. Start out small and explore the city.encounter fiends, cops, crooks and customers in a fully interactive 2D side-scrolling/sandbox environment. Several playable characters with different styles, abilities, & strengths. Walk the streets, explore the city, enter buildings, buy your juugs, cook your juugs, keep a stash, serve your customers, rob your customers, employ workers, manufacture, cook, cut your own juugs and much more. Live the life of a low-level juug dealer in this modern version of the classic game, Dope Wars. Please contact us for any inquiries.Explore Juug-Land & Live The Life Of A Juug Dealer. Any future sales will go to help lost cats worldwide & to build the Lost Cats Worldwide Foundation International, a partner company of the future NOTBADAPPSLLC-INTERNATIONAL Inc / Multinational Conglomerate Company. Instructions not included, This game is available for free & at cost. Get around the city using buses / public transportation or buy your own cars to Juug throughout the fully interactive city of Juug-Land -Hardest game ever made-Virtually impossible to beat. Buy and sell Juugs and goods in the streets or at the corner-stores & enter local buildings to locate new types of juugs. Take cover in alleys to avoid heat while Juugin. Take control of your juugs, make juugs, & become the boss of 'Juug-Land' -Gain cash & survive by Juugin or flagging down passing cars and customers. Use the new expanded Juug Meter to keep track of all of your juugs and maximize your juugin potential… -Uncover new Juugs and Juug through the extensive city. At the beginning of the game, you have a small amount of cash, an empty savings account, and a sizeable debt to a loan shark. There are 8 types of drugs and 6 locations at each location, 5 to 7 drugs will be commodities. Unlock all types of Juugs and goods to buy and sell throughout the city. DopeWars is a game where the objective is to get rich through buying and selling drugs. Juug through the mean streets packed with rivals, robbers, street-walkers, customers, cops, local bosses, burglaries, stick-ups, stash-houses, juug houses, home-invasions & many more juugs for unlimited juugin. Survive and navigate through roughest sections of Juug-Land while Juugin your way to the top. ![]() Travel through the town and follow all laws or face harsh consequences including: warrants, police stops, frisks, court cases, or jail sentences, & prison shankings in the Juug-County Jail and Juug-Land Penitentiary. Download this app named Dope Wars: Trap War.-Choose your character & explore the city of 'Juug-Land’ -Action packed fully interactive shooter/ RPG based on the classic game dope wars. But what truly sets them apart, and what features do you need to consider to make a choice between the two? Let us dive into the world of Kobo vs Kindle on Reddit and unravel the mysteries. While other players such as Onyx Boox, Barnes & Noble’s Nook, and PocketBook also exist in the e-reader market, Kobo and Kindle stand out due to their affordable pricing and availability. Kobo and Kindle offer e-readers to cater to readers of all types and budgets. In conclusion, whether you opt for the convenience of Kindle or the versatility of Kobo, there’s no denying that these two brands offer an exceptional digital reading experience that traditional paperbacks cannot match. This means you can enjoy your favorite books without distractions such as social media notifications or text messages popping up on your screen. Kobo and Kindle both have their unique advantages, and the choice ultimately comes down to personal preference.Ī significant advantage of both Kobo and Kindle brands is that they are dedicated solely to digital reading. ![]() These brands, Kobo owned by Rakuten and Kindle owned by Amazon, have sparked intense debates among passionate readers on popular online communities such as Reddit. When it comes to selecting the ultimate e-reader for your digital reading pleasure, you can choose among two brands that have gained massive popularity in the market: Kobo and Kindle. ![]() We highlight main features, advantages and limitations of these techniques, with a special emphasis given to their synergy. We provide a side by side overview of structural biology/bioinformatics, quantum chemical and molecular mechanical/simulation studies of the nucleic acids backbone. All rights reserved.Knowledge of geometrical and physico-chemical properties of the sugar-phosphate backbone substantially contributes to the comprehension of the structural dynamics, function and evolution of nucleic acids. The nitrogen (blue atoms) containing bases are inside, stacking perpendicular to the helix axis.Īll contents copyright © 1997. The sugar-phosphate backbone is on the outside of the helix where the polar phosphate groups (red and yellow atoms) can interact with the polar environment. The helix axis is most apparent from a view directly down the axis. dA-dT and dG-dC base pairs can occur in any order within DNA molecules DNA Helix Axis Therefore the DNA molecule has a uniform diameter. dA-dT and dG-dC base pairs are the same length, and occupy the same space within a DNA double helix. Within the DNA double helix, A forms 2 hydrogen bonds with T on the opposite strand, and G forms 3 hyrdorgen bonds with C on the opposite strand. The bases of the individual nucleotides are on the inside of the helix, stacked on top of each other like the steps of a spiral staircase.The sugar-phosphate backbones of the two DNA strands wind around the helix axis like the railing of a sprial staircase.The two polynucleotide chains run in opposite directions.Two DNA strands form a helical spiral, winding around a helix axis in a right-handed spiral.Two polynucleotide chains, held together by weak thermodynamic forces, form a DNA molecule. DNA Double HelixĭNA is a normally double stranded macromolecule. The deoxyribose sugars are joined at both the 3'-hydroxyl and 5'-hydroxyl groups to phosphate groups in ester links, also known as "phosphodiester" bonds. The DNA backbone is a polymer with an alternating sugar-phosphate sequence. A nucleotide is a nucleoside with one or more phosphate groups covalently attached to the 3'- and/or 5'-hydroxyl group(s). The four different nucleosides of DNA are deoxyadenosine (dA), deoxyguanosine (dG), deoxycytosine (dC), and (deoxy)thymidine (dT, or T).In dA and dG, there is an "N-glycoside" bond between the sugar C1' and N9 of the purine. Nucleosides differ from nucleotides in that they lack phosphate groups. The sugar in deoxynucleosides is 2'-deoxyribose. Nucleosides and NucleotidesĪ nucleoside is one of the four DNA bases covalently attached to the C1' position of a sugar. Deoxyribose lacks an hydroxyl group at the 2'-position when compared to ribose, the sugar component of RNA. The hydroxyl groups on the 5'- and 3'- carbons link to thephosphate groups to form the DNA backbone. The carbonatoms are numbered 1', 2', 3', 4', and 5' to distinguish from the numbering of theatoms of the purine and pyrmidine rings. ![]() The deoxyribose sugar of the DNA backbone has 5 carbons and 3 oxygens. Like purines, all pyrimidine ring atoms lie in the same plane. The 6 atoms (4 carbon, 2 nitrogen) arenumbered 1-6. The 9 atoms that make up the fused rings (5 carbon, 4 nitrogen) are numbered 1-9. Purines are the larger of the two types of bases found in DNA. The four nucleotides are given one letter abbreviations asshorthand for the four bases.Īdenine and guanine are purines. ![]() There are four different types of nucleotides found in DNA, differingonly in the nitrogenous base. The monomer units of DNA are nucleotides, and the polymer is known as a "polynucleotide." Each nucleotide consistsof a 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), a nitrogen containing base attached to the sugar, anda phosphate group. DNA Structure DNA Structure Activity Problem 10: Review of the Features of the Watson-Crick Model for DNA Structure Components of DNAĭNA is a polymer. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |